Description:
Lots of folks buy EasyDrivers or BigEasyDrivers and then get them to work just fine in their project. But some don't, and so I thought it would be a good idea to write down some simple instructions for getting your Easy Driver working as quickly and easily as possible.
All of these examples are going to be done with my Easy Driver and Big Easy Driver stepper motor driver boards driving several different random stepper motors I have lying around the lab. I will be generating the step and direction pulses with an Arduino UNO and a chipKIT UNO32, although all of these examples should work with any Arduino or Arduino clone or Arduino compatible (like all chipKIT boards).
And don't forget to read Dan Thompson's excellent Easy Driver tutorial blog post if you want to read more up on this stuff. Some great questions answered in the comments on that blog post.
Note1: All examples will work equally well with Easy Drivers or Big Easy Drivers.
Note2: All examples will work on Arduino as well as chipKIT boards (and some will run much better on chipKIT because of the PIC32 speed)
Note3: All examples show a barrel jack for power input - you need to supply power to the EasyDrivers somehow, but it doesn't need to be a barrel jack. You should have a power supply that can output some voltage between 5V and 30V, at 1 Amp or more.
Example 1: Basic Arduino setup
This is the most basic example you can have with an Arduino, an Easy Driver, and a stepper motor. Connect the motor's four wires to the Easy Driver (note the proper coil connections), connect a power supply of 12V is to the Power In pins, and connect the Arduino's GND, pin 8 and pin 9 to the Easy Driver.
Then load this sketch and run it on your Arduino or chipKIT:
It doesn't get much simpler than that. What is the code doing? It sets up pin 8 and 9 as outputs. It sets them both low to begin with. Then in the main loop, it simply toggles pin 9 high and low, waiting 1ms between toggles. We use pin 9 as the STEP control and pin 8 as the DIRECTION control to the Easy Driver.
Since we are not pulling either MS1 or MS2 low on the Easy Driver low, the Easy Driver will default to 1/8th microstep mode. That means that each time the "digitalWrite(9, HIGH);" call is executed, the stepper motor will move 1/8th of a full step. So if your motor is 1.8 degrees per step, there will be 200 full steps per revolution, or 1600 microsteps per revolution.
So how fast is this code going to run the stepper? Well, with the STEP signal 1ms high and 1ms low, each complete pulse will take 2ms of time. Since there are 1000ms in 1 second, then 1000/2 = 500 microsteps/second.
What if we wanted the motor to go slower? We change the delay(); lines to have longer delays. If you use delay(10); for both, the you'll move at 50 microsteps/second.
What if you wanted the motor to go faster? We can't really delay for less than 1 ms, can we? Yes, of course we can! We can change the delay() calls to delayMicroseconds(100); calls and then each delay would be 100 microseconds (or us), so the motor would be driven at 5000 microsteps/second.
Now, one thing you should play with is the current adjustment pot on your Easy Driver. You need a tiny little screw driver to turn it, and be sure not to force it too far one way or the other (they're delicate). Also, some Easy Drivers were built with pots that have no physical stops on them, so they spin around and around. As you run the above code, slowly turn the pot one way or the other. Depending upon the type of motor you have (and its coil resistance) you may hear/feel no difference as you spin the pot, or you may notice quite a big difference.
Example 2: Moving back and forth
If we take Example 1, and simply change the sketch a little bit, we can move a certain number of steps forward or backward. Like so:
Now using this sketch, we move for 3600 steps in one direction, pause for a bit, and move 3600 steps in the other direction. I'm sure you can figure out how to make many different lengths of moves now. And you can change the delay between steps for each move to occur at separate speeds.
Note that, just like example 1, each 'step' from the code's perspective is 1/8th of the motor's full step, because we are assuming the use of the EasyDriver in 1/8th microstep mode. If you use the Big Easy Driver, it's default is 1/16 microstep, so adjust your expectations for motor motion accordingly.
Example 3: Using a pre-built library - AccelStepper
One thing the above examples can't do well is handle multiple steppers from the same Arduino or chipKIT. Also, acceleration and deceleration are difficult as well. Other people have run into this problem, and so now we have libraries that we can download and install into the Arduino IDE or MPIDE to fix these problems.
Download the zip file for the AccelStepper library from this page. Unzip the downloaded file, and place the AccelStepper in to the libraries folder in your Arduino install directory. Note that for MPIDE (chipKIT) users, you need to copy the AccelStepper folder into both the libraries folder at the top level as well as \hardware\pic32\libraries so that both the AVR and PIC32 sides can use it.
Using the same hardware from Example 1, restart the IDE, and enter the following sketch:
This code does basically the same thing as Example 2, but using acceleration/deceleration via the AccelStepper library, and running for twice as many steps. (Thanks Mr. Duffy for pointing out this important fact!) The reason it runs twice as many steps is because we do "pos = -pos" to keep things short and simple. This means that it will run from 0 to 3600, then from 3600 to -3600 (which is 7200 steps).
Example 4: Running multiple stepper motors
One of the great things about the AccelStepper library is that you can run as many stepper motors as you want, at the same time, just by making more AccelStepper objects. Now, if you try to run them too fast, the steps won't be smooth, so you have to be careful not to load down the Arduino too much. The chipKIT does not have this problem because it is so much faster than the Arduino.
In this diagram, we now have two Easy Drivers and two stepper motors. We just need 2 more pins from the Arduino to add this second motor.
The code for this example is shown below:
If you run this code, you may find that the acceleration and deceleration are not quite as smooth as with a single motor (on an Arduino - again, this problem doesn't occur on chipKIT) - that is because our two maximum speeds (3000 and 1000) are pretty high for the ability of the processor to handle them. One solution is to make your max speeds lower, then switch from 1/8th microstepping to 1/4, half, or full step mode. If done right, you'll see the same shaft rotation speeds, but with less CPU load (because you aren't generating as many steps per second.)
You can see that for this example, I just copied and pasted the code from Example 3 and made two positions and two steppers. This example code is very simple and not all that useful, but you can study the existing examples from the AccelStepper library, and read the help pages on the different functions, and get good ideas about what else you can do with your stepper control.
Example 5: Changing motor speed
Sometimes you need to have real time control of the speed of the stepper motor. Say, for example, you're making a mount for your telescope. You get a really nice geared stepper motor, you get a Big Easy Driver with 16x microstepping, and you connect them all up. But how do you control the speed of the stepper so that it matches the speed of the stars across the sky?
One easy way is to use a potentiometer, which produces an analog voltage output that you can control. The sketch code can read this analog value using the analogRead() command. Then we can use that value to change how fast we move the motor.
Here's a simple example of this concept. We've added a pot and three push buttons to our single stepper motor circuit. Pushing switch S1 will cause the motor to turn in one direction, S3 will cause it to turn in the other direction, and S2 will stop the motor. You can then use the pot to adjust the exact speed of the motor while stepping. You may want to adjust the MAX_SPEED and MIN_SPEED values in the code for you application - depending on your particular setup, you may want the pot's speed range to be different from what we've written here.
Just to show how similar these circuits look, we've also included a version of the diagram with a chipKIT Uno32 board. (Any Arduino or chipKIT board will work for any of these examples, of course. The Uno and Uno32 are just easy to diagram.)
The code for this example is shown below:
Some explanation on this example code: Because reading the analog value takes a (relatively) long period of time, and during that time we can't be updating the stepper motor's position (that only happens in the runSpeed() call) we only grab a new analog value every 3000 times through the main loop. We do this by using a counter called analog_read_counter, and decrementing it each time through the loop until it gets to zero. Then we reload it with 3000, and perform the analog conversion.
We've also inserted a runSpeed() call between the analog conversion and the math necessary to scale the result to MAX_SPEED and MIN_SPEED. This is because that math also takes a (relatively) long time, and so we want to give the stepper a chance to step (if it needs to) in between these to time intensive operations.
You can adjust the values of MIN_SPEED and MAX_SPEED to make the range of speeds whatever you want. Note that there are only 1024 possible values that the analogRead() call can return, and so there are only that many discrete speeds the motor can take on.
For this example (because we wanted it to be just a fixed speed) we did not use the normal AccelStepper run() call, but rather the runSpeed() call.
Example 6: Changing motor speed -
With an Adafruit Motor Shield (v1)
This example does exactly the same thing as Example 5, but instead of using an Easy Driver or Big Easy Driver it uses an Adafruit Motor Shield. This first sketch is for the v1.2 shield, and the next sketch (see below) is for the v2 shield.
Also note that because the v1 AFMotorShield uses up almost all of the digital I/O pins, we had to move the three buttons over to the analog inputs. This is fine because you can always use analog input pins as digital inputs as well. We are also not using any microstepping in this example, so our motor has 200 steps/rev.
And of course, Fritzing doesn't have the Adafruit Motor Shield, so I can't easily create a drawing for you. But it's very simple - the stepper motor goes into the M1 and M2 terminals on the Motor Shield, you put your motor power into the M+ and GND terminals on the motor shield, take the three switch wires and connect them to A5, A4 and A3, the center tap of the pot goes to A0, and then just tie the other side of all of the switches to GND and the top and bottom of the pot to +5 and GND, and you're all set. I tested this code with an Arduino Uno. (I tried with an UNO32 but I couldn't get the analog inputs to use built-in pullups because I don't think the UNO32 can do that.)
And with an Adafruit Motor Shield V2
Note that the Left, Stop and Right inputs are now back on digital pins 2, 3 and 4 for the V2 shield, as it doesn't need them and so we can use them again.
Example 7: Serial command input
Using the exact same hardware setup as Example 1, this sketch illustrates how to use simple one letter commands from the serial port to control the direction and speed of the stepper motor.
Lots of folks buy EasyDrivers or BigEasyDrivers and then get them to work just fine in their project. But some don't, and so I thought it would be a good idea to write down some simple instructions for getting your Easy Driver working as quickly and easily as possible.
All of these examples are going to be done with my Easy Driver and Big Easy Driver stepper motor driver boards driving several different random stepper motors I have lying around the lab. I will be generating the step and direction pulses with an Arduino UNO and a chipKIT UNO32, although all of these examples should work with any Arduino or Arduino clone or Arduino compatible (like all chipKIT boards).
And don't forget to read Dan Thompson's excellent Easy Driver tutorial blog post if you want to read more up on this stuff. Some great questions answered in the comments on that blog post.
Note1: All examples will work equally well with Easy Drivers or Big Easy Drivers.
Note2: All examples will work on Arduino as well as chipKIT boards (and some will run much better on chipKIT because of the PIC32 speed)
Note3: All examples show a barrel jack for power input - you need to supply power to the EasyDrivers somehow, but it doesn't need to be a barrel jack. You should have a power supply that can output some voltage between 5V and 30V, at 1 Amp or more.
Example 1: Basic Arduino setup
This is the most basic example you can have with an Arduino, an Easy Driver, and a stepper motor. Connect the motor's four wires to the Easy Driver (note the proper coil connections), connect a power supply of 12V is to the Power In pins, and connect the Arduino's GND, pin 8 and pin 9 to the Easy Driver.
Then load this sketch and run it on your Arduino or chipKIT:
Kod:
void setup() {
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
delay(1);
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
delay(1);
}It doesn't get much simpler than that. What is the code doing? It sets up pin 8 and 9 as outputs. It sets them both low to begin with. Then in the main loop, it simply toggles pin 9 high and low, waiting 1ms between toggles. We use pin 9 as the STEP control and pin 8 as the DIRECTION control to the Easy Driver.
Since we are not pulling either MS1 or MS2 low on the Easy Driver low, the Easy Driver will default to 1/8th microstep mode. That means that each time the "digitalWrite(9, HIGH);" call is executed, the stepper motor will move 1/8th of a full step. So if your motor is 1.8 degrees per step, there will be 200 full steps per revolution, or 1600 microsteps per revolution.
So how fast is this code going to run the stepper? Well, with the STEP signal 1ms high and 1ms low, each complete pulse will take 2ms of time. Since there are 1000ms in 1 second, then 1000/2 = 500 microsteps/second.
What if we wanted the motor to go slower? We change the delay(); lines to have longer delays. If you use delay(10); for both, the you'll move at 50 microsteps/second.
What if you wanted the motor to go faster? We can't really delay for less than 1 ms, can we? Yes, of course we can! We can change the delay() calls to delayMicroseconds(100); calls and then each delay would be 100 microseconds (or us), so the motor would be driven at 5000 microsteps/second.
Now, one thing you should play with is the current adjustment pot on your Easy Driver. You need a tiny little screw driver to turn it, and be sure not to force it too far one way or the other (they're delicate). Also, some Easy Drivers were built with pots that have no physical stops on them, so they spin around and around. As you run the above code, slowly turn the pot one way or the other. Depending upon the type of motor you have (and its coil resistance) you may hear/feel no difference as you spin the pot, or you may notice quite a big difference.
Example 2: Moving back and forth
If we take Example 1, and simply change the sketch a little bit, we can move a certain number of steps forward or backward. Like so:
Kod:
int Distance = 0; // Record the number of steps we've taken
void setup() {
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(100);
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(100);
Distance = Distance + 1; // record this step
// Check to see if we are at the end of our move
if (Distance == 3600)
{
// We are! Reverse direction (invert DIR signal)
if (digitalRead(8) == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
}
// Reset our distance back to zero since we're
// starting a new move
Distance = 0;
// Now pause for half a second
delay(500);
}
}Now using this sketch, we move for 3600 steps in one direction, pause for a bit, and move 3600 steps in the other direction. I'm sure you can figure out how to make many different lengths of moves now. And you can change the delay between steps for each move to occur at separate speeds.
Note that, just like example 1, each 'step' from the code's perspective is 1/8th of the motor's full step, because we are assuming the use of the EasyDriver in 1/8th microstep mode. If you use the Big Easy Driver, it's default is 1/16 microstep, so adjust your expectations for motor motion accordingly.
Example 3: Using a pre-built library - AccelStepper
One thing the above examples can't do well is handle multiple steppers from the same Arduino or chipKIT. Also, acceleration and deceleration are difficult as well. Other people have run into this problem, and so now we have libraries that we can download and install into the Arduino IDE or MPIDE to fix these problems.
Download the zip file for the AccelStepper library from this page. Unzip the downloaded file, and place the AccelStepper in to the libraries folder in your Arduino install directory. Note that for MPIDE (chipKIT) users, you need to copy the AccelStepper folder into both the libraries folder at the top level as well as \hardware\pic32\libraries so that both the AVR and PIC32 sides can use it.
Using the same hardware from Example 1, restart the IDE, and enter the following sketch:
Kod:
#include <AccelStepper.h>
// Define a stepper and the pins it will use
AccelStepper stepper(1, 9, 8);
int pos = 3600;
void setup()
{
stepper.setMaxSpeed(3000);
stepper.setAcceleration(1000);
}
void loop()
{
if (stepper.distanceToGo() == 0)
{
delay(500);
pos = -pos;
stepper.moveTo(pos);
}
stepper.run();
}This code does basically the same thing as Example 2, but using acceleration/deceleration via the AccelStepper library, and running for twice as many steps. (Thanks Mr. Duffy for pointing out this important fact!) The reason it runs twice as many steps is because we do "pos = -pos" to keep things short and simple. This means that it will run from 0 to 3600, then from 3600 to -3600 (which is 7200 steps).
Example 4: Running multiple stepper motors
One of the great things about the AccelStepper library is that you can run as many stepper motors as you want, at the same time, just by making more AccelStepper objects. Now, if you try to run them too fast, the steps won't be smooth, so you have to be careful not to load down the Arduino too much. The chipKIT does not have this problem because it is so much faster than the Arduino.
In this diagram, we now have two Easy Drivers and two stepper motors. We just need 2 more pins from the Arduino to add this second motor.
The code for this example is shown below:
Kod:
#include <AccelStepper.h>
// Define two steppers and the pins they will use
AccelStepper stepper1(1, 9, 8);
AccelStepper stepper2(1, 7, 6);
int pos1 = 3600;
int pos2 = 5678;
void setup()
{
stepper1.setMaxSpeed(3000);
stepper1.setAcceleration(1000);
stepper2.setMaxSpeed(2000);
stepper2.setAcceleration(800);
}
void loop()
{
if (stepper1.distanceToGo() == 0)
{
pos1 = -pos1;
stepper1.moveTo(pos1);
}
if (stepper2.distanceToGo() == 0)
{
pos2 = -pos2;
stepper2.moveTo(pos2);
}
stepper1.run();
stepper2.run();
}If you run this code, you may find that the acceleration and deceleration are not quite as smooth as with a single motor (on an Arduino - again, this problem doesn't occur on chipKIT) - that is because our two maximum speeds (3000 and 1000) are pretty high for the ability of the processor to handle them. One solution is to make your max speeds lower, then switch from 1/8th microstepping to 1/4, half, or full step mode. If done right, you'll see the same shaft rotation speeds, but with less CPU load (because you aren't generating as many steps per second.)
You can see that for this example, I just copied and pasted the code from Example 3 and made two positions and two steppers. This example code is very simple and not all that useful, but you can study the existing examples from the AccelStepper library, and read the help pages on the different functions, and get good ideas about what else you can do with your stepper control.
Example 5: Changing motor speed
Sometimes you need to have real time control of the speed of the stepper motor. Say, for example, you're making a mount for your telescope. You get a really nice geared stepper motor, you get a Big Easy Driver with 16x microstepping, and you connect them all up. But how do you control the speed of the stepper so that it matches the speed of the stars across the sky?
One easy way is to use a potentiometer, which produces an analog voltage output that you can control. The sketch code can read this analog value using the analogRead() command. Then we can use that value to change how fast we move the motor.
Here's a simple example of this concept. We've added a pot and three push buttons to our single stepper motor circuit. Pushing switch S1 will cause the motor to turn in one direction, S3 will cause it to turn in the other direction, and S2 will stop the motor. You can then use the pot to adjust the exact speed of the motor while stepping. You may want to adjust the MAX_SPEED and MIN_SPEED values in the code for you application - depending on your particular setup, you may want the pot's speed range to be different from what we've written here.
Just to show how similar these circuits look, we've also included a version of the diagram with a chipKIT Uno32 board. (Any Arduino or chipKIT board will work for any of these examples, of course. The Uno and Uno32 are just easy to diagram.)
The code for this example is shown below:
Kod:
// Example5 code for Brian Schmalz's Easy Driver Example page
// http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/EasyDriverExamples.html
#include <AccelStepper.h>
// Define the stepper and the pins it will use
AccelStepper stepper1(1, 9, 8);
// Define our three input button pins
#define LEFT_PIN 4
#define STOP_PIN 3
#define RIGHT_PIN 2
// Define our analog pot input pin
#define SPEED_PIN 0
// Define our maximum and minimum speed in steps per second (scale pot to these)
#define MAX_SPEED 500
#define MIN_SPEED 0.1
void setup() {
// The only AccelStepper value we have to set here is the max speeed, which is higher than we'll ever go
stepper1.setMaxSpeed(10000.0);
// Set up the three button inputs, with pullups
pinMode(LEFT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(STOP_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(RIGHT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
void loop() {
static float current_speed = 0.0; // Holds current motor speed in steps/second
static int analog_read_counter = 1000; // Counts down to 0 to fire analog read
static char sign = 0; // Holds -1, 1 or 0 to turn the motor on/off and control direction
static int analog_value = 0; // Holds raw analog value.
// If a switch is pushed down (low), set the sign value appropriately
if (digitalRead(LEFT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 1;
}
else if (digitalRead(RIGHT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = -1;
}
else if (digitalRead(STOP_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 0;
}
// We only want to read the pot every so often (because it takes a long time we don't
// want to do it every time through the main loop).
if (analog_read_counter > 0) {
analog_read_counter--;
}
else {
analog_read_counter = 3000;
// Now read the pot (from 0 to 1023)
analog_value = analogRead(SPEED_PIN);
// Give the stepper a chance to step if it needs to
stepper1.runSpeed();
// And scale the pot's value from min to max speeds
current_speed = sign * ((analog_value/1023.0) * (MAX_SPEED - MIN_SPEED)) + MIN_SPEED;
// Update the stepper to run at this new speed
stepper1.setSpeed(current_speed);
}
// This will run the stepper at a constant speed
stepper1.runSpeed();
}Some explanation on this example code: Because reading the analog value takes a (relatively) long period of time, and during that time we can't be updating the stepper motor's position (that only happens in the runSpeed() call) we only grab a new analog value every 3000 times through the main loop. We do this by using a counter called analog_read_counter, and decrementing it each time through the loop until it gets to zero. Then we reload it with 3000, and perform the analog conversion.
We've also inserted a runSpeed() call between the analog conversion and the math necessary to scale the result to MAX_SPEED and MIN_SPEED. This is because that math also takes a (relatively) long time, and so we want to give the stepper a chance to step (if it needs to) in between these to time intensive operations.
You can adjust the values of MIN_SPEED and MAX_SPEED to make the range of speeds whatever you want. Note that there are only 1024 possible values that the analogRead() call can return, and so there are only that many discrete speeds the motor can take on.
For this example (because we wanted it to be just a fixed speed) we did not use the normal AccelStepper run() call, but rather the runSpeed() call.
Example 6: Changing motor speed -
With an Adafruit Motor Shield (v1)
This example does exactly the same thing as Example 5, but instead of using an Easy Driver or Big Easy Driver it uses an Adafruit Motor Shield. This first sketch is for the v1.2 shield, and the next sketch (see below) is for the v2 shield.
Also note that because the v1 AFMotorShield uses up almost all of the digital I/O pins, we had to move the three buttons over to the analog inputs. This is fine because you can always use analog input pins as digital inputs as well. We are also not using any microstepping in this example, so our motor has 200 steps/rev.
And of course, Fritzing doesn't have the Adafruit Motor Shield, so I can't easily create a drawing for you. But it's very simple - the stepper motor goes into the M1 and M2 terminals on the Motor Shield, you put your motor power into the M+ and GND terminals on the motor shield, take the three switch wires and connect them to A5, A4 and A3, the center tap of the pot goes to A0, and then just tie the other side of all of the switches to GND and the top and bottom of the pot to +5 and GND, and you're all set. I tested this code with an Arduino Uno. (I tried with an UNO32 but I couldn't get the analog inputs to use built-in pullups because I don't think the UNO32 can do that.)
Kod:
// Example6 code for Brian Schmalz's Easy Driver Example page
// http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/EasyDriverExamples.html
#include <AccelStepper.h>
#include <AFMotor.h>
// Define the stepper and the pins it will use
AF_Stepper motor1(200, 1);
// you can change these to DOUBLE or INTERLEAVE or MICROSTEP!
void forwardstep() {
motor1.onestep(FORWARD, SINGLE);
}
void backwardstep() {
motor1.onestep(BACKWARD, SINGLE);
}
AccelStepper stepper1(forwardstep, backwardstep); // use functions to step
// Define our three input button pins
#define LEFT_PIN A5
#define STOP_PIN A4
#define RIGHT_PIN A3
// Define our analog pot input pin
#define SPEED_PIN A0
// Define our maximum and minimum speed in steps per second (scale pot to these)
#define MAX_SPEED 500
#define MIN_SPEED 0.1
void setup() {
// The only AccelStepper value we have to set here is the max speeed, which is higher than we'll ever go
stepper1.setMaxSpeed(500.0);
// Set up the three button inputs, with pullups
pinMode(LEFT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(STOP_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(RIGHT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
void loop() {
static float current_speed = 0.0; // Holds current motor speed in steps/second
static int analog_read_counter = 1000; // Counts down to 0 to fire analog read
static char sign = 0; // Holds -1, 1 or 0 to turn the motor on/off and control direction
static int analog_value = 0; // Holds raw analog value.
// If a switch is pushed down (low), set the sign value appropriately
if (digitalRead(LEFT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 1;
}
if (digitalRead(RIGHT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = -1;
}
if (digitalRead(STOP_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 0;
}
// We only want to read the pot every so often (because it takes a long time we don't
// want to do it every time through the main loop).
if (analog_read_counter > 0) {
analog_read_counter--;
}
else {
analog_read_counter = 3000;
// Now read the pot (from 0 to 1023)
analog_value = analogRead(SPEED_PIN);
// Give the stepper a chance to step if it needs to
stepper1.runSpeed();
// And scale the pot's value from min to max speeds
current_speed = sign * ((analog_value/1023.0) * (MAX_SPEED - MIN_SPEED)) + MIN_SPEED;
// Update the stepper to run at this new speed
stepper1.setSpeed(current_speed);
}
// This will run the stepper at a constant speed
stepper1.runSpeed();
}And with an Adafruit Motor Shield V2
Note that the Left, Stop and Right inputs are now back on digital pins 2, 3 and 4 for the V2 shield, as it doesn't need them and so we can use them again.
Kod:
// Example6 code for Brian Schmalz's Easy Driver Example page
// http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/EasyDriverExamples.html
#include <AccelStepper.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_MotorShield.h>
// Define the stepper and the pins it will use
Adafruit_MotorShield AFMS = Adafruit_MotorShield();
Adafruit_StepperMotor *motor1 = AFMS.getStepper(200, 1);
// you can change these to DOUBLE or INTERLEAVE or MICROSTEP!
void forwardstep() {
motor1->onestep(FORWARD, SINGLE);
}
void backwardstep() {
motor1->onestep(BACKWARD, SINGLE);
}
AccelStepper stepper1(forwardstep, backwardstep); // use functions to step
// Define our three input button pins
#define LEFT_PIN 2
#define STOP_PIN 3
#define RIGHT_PIN 4
// Define our analog pot input pin
#define SPEED_PIN A0
// Define our maximum and minimum speed in steps per second (scale pot to these)
#define MAX_SPEED 500
#define MIN_SPEED 0.1
void setup() {
AFMS.begin();
// The only AccelStepper value we have to set here is the max speeed, which is higher than we'll ever go
stepper1.setMaxSpeed(500.0);
// Set up the three button inputs, with pullups
pinMode(LEFT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(STOP_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(RIGHT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
void loop() {
static float current_speed = 0.0; // Holds current motor speed in steps/second
static int analog_read_counter = 1000; // Counts down to 0 to fire analog read
static char sign = 0; // Holds -1, 1 or 0 to turn the motor on/off and control direction
static int analog_value = 0; // Holds raw analog value.
// If a switch is pushed down (low), set the sign value appropriately
if (digitalRead(LEFT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 1;
}
if (digitalRead(RIGHT_PIN) == 0) {
sign = -1;
}
if (digitalRead(STOP_PIN) == 0) {
sign = 0;
}
// We only want to read the pot every so often (because it takes a long time we don't
// want to do it every time through the main loop).
if (analog_read_counter > 0) {
analog_read_counter--;
}
else {
analog_read_counter = 3000;
// Now read the pot (from 0 to 1023)
analog_value = analogRead(SPEED_PIN);
// Give the stepper a chance to step if it needs to
stepper1.runSpeed();
// And scale the pot's value from min to max speeds
current_speed = sign * ((analog_value/1023.0) * (MAX_SPEED - MIN_SPEED)) + MIN_SPEED;
// Update the stepper to run at this new speed
stepper1.setSpeed(current_speed);
}
// This will run the stepper at a constant speed
stepper1.runSpeed();
}Example 7: Serial command input
Using the exact same hardware setup as Example 1, this sketch illustrates how to use simple one letter commands from the serial port to control the direction and speed of the stepper motor.
Kod:
// Example7 for Brian Schmalz's Easy Driver Example page
// http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/EasyDriverExamples.html
// We control the direction and speed of a stepper using the
// arduino serial port. Note that (if using the Serial Monitor)
// you will need to press Enter after each command.
#include <AccelStepper.h>
AccelStepper stepper(AccelStepper::FULL2WIRE, 8, 9);
int spd = 1000; // The current speed in steps/second
int sign = 1; // Either 1, 0 or -1
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
stepper.setMaxSpeed(1000);
stepper.setSpeed(1000);
}
void loop()
{
char c;
if(Serial.available()) {
c = Serial.read();
if (c == 'f') { // forward
sign = 1;
}
if (c == 'r') { // reverse
sign = -1;
}
if (c == 's') { // stop
sign = 0;
}
if (c == '1') { // super slow
spd = 10;
}
if (c == '2') { // medium
spd = 100;
}
if (c == '3') { // fast
spd = 1000;
}
stepper.setSpeed(sign * spd);
}
stepper.runSpeed();
}